Voltammetric Electronic Tongue for the Qualitative Analysis of Milk Adulterated with Urea combined with multi-way data analysis

A new approach for qualitative analysis of milk adulterated with urea is proposed by multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA) and multi-way partial least squares discriminant analysis (NPLS-DA) based on voltammetric electronic tongue. 9 pure milk samples and 11 adulterated milk samples with different contents of urea were prepared and the current response values of the voltammetric electronic tongue were measured consequently. MPCA was used to distinguish urea-tainted milk and pure milk. Furthermore, a NPLS-DA model was developed using the first five principal components (PCs) according to the distribution of PCs computed by MPCA. It was shown that the ratios of correct classification were 100% and 88.9% for calibration set and prediction set, respectively. The results indicated that voltametric electronic tongue combined with multivariate methods was efficient for urea-tainted milk discrimination.