Bacterial cellulose: Biopolymer with novel medical applications

Due to the growing importance of green chemistry, the search for alternatives to cellulose has begun, leading to the rediscovery of bacterial cellulose (BC). The material is produced by Gluconacetobacter and Acetobacter bacteria, mainly Komagataeibacter xylinus. It is a pure biopolymer, without lignin or hemicellulose, forming a three-dimensional mesh, showing much lower organization than its plant counterpart. Thanks to its design, it has proven itself in completely unprecedented applications - especially in the field of biomedical sciences. Coming in countless forms, it has found use in applications such as wound dressings, drug delivery systems, or tissue engineering. The review article focuses on discussing the main structural differences between plant and bacterial cellulose, methods of bacterial cellulose synthesis, and the latest trends in BC applications in biomedical sciences.