2017DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)Open access

Two-dimensional product-type systems of difference equations of delay-type (2,2,1,2)

Stevo Stević

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Abstract

We prove that the following class of systems of difference equations is solvable in closed form: $$ z_{n+1}=\alpha z_{n-1}^aw_n^b,\quad w_{n+1}=\beta w_{n-1}^cz_{n-1}^d,\quad n\in\mathbb{N}_0, $$ where $a, b, c, d\in\mathbb{Z}$, $\alpha, \beta, z_{-1}, z_0, w_{-1}, w_0\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$. We present formulas for its solutions in all the cases. The most complex formulas are presented in terms of the zeros of three different associated polynomials to the systems corresponding to the cases a=0, c=0 and $abcd\ne 0$, respectively, which on the other hand depend on some of parameters a, b, c, d.

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What this paper is about

We prove that the following class of systems of difference equations is solvable in closed form: $$ z_{n+1}=\alpha z_{n-1}^aw_n^b,\quad w_{n+1}=\beta w_{n-1}^cz_{n-1}^d,\quad n\in\mathbb{N}_0, $$ where $a, b, c, d\in\mathbb{Z}$, $\alpha, \beta, z_{-1}, z_0, w_{-1}, w_0\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$. We present formulas for its solutions in all the cases. The most complex formulas are presented in terms of the zeros of three different associated polynomials to the systems corresponding to the cases a=0, c=0 and $abcd\ne 0$, respectively, which on the other hand depend on some of parameters a, b, c, d.

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Available abstract

We prove that the following class of systems of difference equations is solvable in closed form: $$ z_{n+1}=\alpha z_{n-1}^aw_n^b,\quad w_{n+1}=\beta w_{n-1}^cz_{n-1}^d,\quad n\in\mathbb{N}_0, $$ where $a, b, c, d\in\mathbb{Z}$, $\alpha, \beta, z_{-1}, z_0, w_{-1}, w_0\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$. We present formulas for its solutions in all the cases. The most complex formulas are presented in terms of the zeros of three different associated polynomials to the systems corresponding to the cases a=0, c=0 and $abcd\ne 0$, respectively, which on the other hand depend on some of parameters a, b, c, d.

Key concepts: Product type, Type (biology), Mathematics, Product (mathematics), Mathematical analysis, Computer science, Geometry, Geology

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Two-dimensional product-type systems of difference equations of delay-type (2,2,1,2) — Research Paper | ScholarLens