Bacterial Cellulose: Natural Biomaterial for Medical and Environmental Applications

Extensive research has been conducted during 20th century to discover renewable natural polymers that are sustainable.Cellulose represents one such biomaterial which is abundant, renewable, and biodegradable.Both plant and microbial biomass can be processed to make cellulose.Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a prospective natural polymer produced by certain bacteria during their growth phase.BC is hydrophilic biopolymer, fibrous (20-100 nm diameter), and biocompatible.In contrast to plant cellulose, BC has the benefit of being in form, which is both, highly crystalline and extremely pure.This review provides a crisp summary of the synthesis and functionalization of BC, and its applications in the fields of biomedicine and the environment.摘要 20 世纪进行了广泛的研究，以发现可持续的可再生天然聚合物.纤维素代 表了一种这样的生物材料，它丰富、可再生且可生物降解. 植物和微生物 生物质都可以加工成纤维素.细菌纤维素 (BC) 是由某些细菌在其生长阶 段产生的一种有前途的天然聚合物.BC 是亲水性生物聚合物、纤维状(直 径 20-100 纳米)和生物相容性.与植物纤维素相比，BC 具有形态优势， 既高度结晶又极其纯净.本综述对 BC 的合成和功能化及其在生物医学和 环境领域的应用进行了简要总结.