Finds of Siboglinids (Annelida, Siboglinidae) in the Estuaries of the Largest Arctic Rivers Are Associated with Permafrost Gas Hydrates

Gutless marine worms of the family Siboglinidae have been found in the estuaries of the largest Arctic rivers Yenisei, Lena, and Mackenzie. Siboglinid metabolism is provided by symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria. Strong salinity stratification is characteristic of the estuaries of the largest Arctic rivers and ensures a high salinity at depths of 25-36 m, where siboglinids were found. High methane concentrations, which are necessary for siboglinid metabolism, result from dissociation of permafrost gas hydrates under the influence of river runoff in the conditions of Arctic warming.