Long-lived Prptoplanetary disk Formation

Abstract Recently, protoplanetary disks around M dwarf stars have had longer ages than that typical protoplanetary disks. These long-lived protoplanetary disks imply that some protoplanetary disks suffer from a low-radiation. On the other hand, the host star’s masses around these protoplanetary disks are very low. We do not know whether long-lived protoplanetary disks can survive around stars with higher mass. In this work, we explore how protoplanetary disks lose their masses and how protoplanetary disk lifetimes dextral photoevaporation on host star mass. We find that only low-mass stars (< 0.5 M*) can host lone-lived protoplanetary disks (∼45 Myr). When star masses > 0.7 M*, the protoplanetary disk lifetimes drop below 45 Myr quickly because of the strong accretion and photoevaporation. The host stars with ∼2 M* may have protoplanetary disks with a lifetime of up to only 14 Myr. According to observations and our simulations, we consider that long-lived protoplanetary disks can only survive around M dwarf stars.