Diurnal cycle of precipitation over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions: Insights from intensity–frequency structure

Abstract Besides the respective importance of the frequency, intensity and diurnal cycle of precipitation, the diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure could reveal more physical details about the evolution process of precipitation systems. Here, an objective method to quantitatively depict the diurnal cycle of intensity–frequency structure of precipitation is proposed, and applied to complex terrains of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings. Results show the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the high terrain has a unimodal night peak, while low terrain with a frequency‐dominated night peak and an intensity‐dominated afternoon peak. Both weak and intense precipitation are more frequent at night than those in the afternoon over unimodal regions compared to bimodal regions. Further analysis reveals different diurnal evolution process of intensity–frequency structure within unimodal and bimodal regions, respectively, which reflects different spatiotemporal traits and evolution process of precipitation. Among unimodal regions, the elevated southeastern TP is featured by the synchronous decrease in both weak and intense precipitation from the night peak to the afternoon minimum. While the decrease of total precipitation in regions with lower terrain is dominated by the decrease of intense precipitation, but with an increase in weak precipitation simultaneously. Regarding bimodal regions, the intense precipitation over southern Hengduan Mountains has a more prominent role in leading the diurnal cycle of precipitation amount, compared with that over the southeastern Yungui Plateau. The proposed method provides a new perspective with more physical details to investigate precipitation characteristics in complex terrains, which could be further used to reasonably evaluate and improve the performance of numerical models.