Economics of the Biochemical Conversion-based Biorefinery Concept for the Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass

In recent years, the biomass refinery idea has received a lot of attention as a viable alternative to petroleum refineries. In the present study, biorefineries primarily use heterogeneous lignocellulosic biomass with low-lignin content also known as green waste. The chapter summarizes the current state of green waste biomass biorefinery concepts using biochemical conversion technologies. Several studies have established lignocellulosic biomass with low-lignin content as a feedstock for enzyme production, electrodes for electro-biotechnological applications, bioplastics, biopesticides, and other high-value chemicals. The efficiency of valorization and potential revenue from valorizing lignocellulosic biomass into various products have been investigated. Enzymes were discovered to have the highest sales potential, followed by electrodes, bioplastics, and biopesticides. Developing biorefineries that use lignocellulosic biomass with low-lignin content as feedstock offers a promising way to the future circular bioeconomy. This analysis provides the groundwork for future research into the value of lignocellulosic biomass as green waste.