Effect of countermeasures on embankment settlement due to foundation liquefaction

A series of dynamic centrifuge tests was conducted to assess effects of a countermeasure technique of solidification by the deep mixing on the seismic performance of embankment resting on a liquefiable foundation soil. Effects of width and depth of improvement bodies were studied in detail. It was observed that the settlement at embankment crest reduced by a maximum of about 45%. But, even though a improvement body wide and deep enough to prevent lateral flow of liquefied soil completely was constructed, some crest settlement might be inevitable. This may be largely due to the fact that volumetric (contractive) strain was considerably larger, especially for cases with countermeasures.