Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Transplantation-Ineligible Elderly Patients With Acute Leukemia Harboring a Molecular Target: Ph-Positive Acute Leukemia and FLT3-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitors are promising agents for Ph-positive acute leukemia (Ph + AL) and FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia (FLT3-AML), respectively. Methods: We examined the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of dasatinib and ponatinib for Ph + AL and the cost-effectiveness of gilteritinib and quizartinib for FLT3-AML in elderly patients. Molecular therapy can fit the elderly population better than chemotherapy (CT). Results: The daily drug cost of dasatinib, ponatinib, gilteritinib, and quizartinib was $240, $170, $524, and $479 in terms of treatment maintenance dose, respectively. Treatment of Ph + AL with stem cell transplantation (SCT), CT, dasatinib, and ponatinib yielded CERs of $322,375, $34,928, $61,104, and $46,234, respectively. The CERs for FLT3-AML treated with SCT, CT, gilteritinib, and quizartinib were $355,270, $42,717, $94,987, and $90,080, respectively. Treatment of elderly patients with TKIs and FLT3 inhibitors remained expensive and inferior to conventional CT. Conclusion: Although TKIs and FLT3 inhibitors have an inferior CER than does conventional CT, their promising survival benefit with better QOL can offer a profound advantage. TKI or FLT3 inhibitor monotherapy is recommended as an alternative treatment option for unfit (vulnerable) elderly patients with Ph + AL or FLT3-AML. J Clin Med Res. 2022;14(10):432-435 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4799