Distributed Apportioning in a Power Network for providing Demand\n Response Services

Greater penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in power networks\nrequires coordination strategies that allow for self-adjustment of\ncontributions in a network of DERs, owing to variability in generation and\ndemand. In this article, a distributed scheme is proposed that enables a DER in\na network to arrive at viable power reference commands that satisfies the DERs\nlocal constraints on its generation and loads it has to service, while, the\naggregated behavior of multiple DERs in the network and their respective loads\nmeet the ancillary services demanded by the grid. The Net-load Management\nsystem for a single unit is referred to as the Local Inverter System (LIS) in\nthis article . A distinguishing feature of the proposed consensus based\nsolution is the distributed finite time termination of the algorithm that\nallows each LIS unit in the network to determine power reference commands in\nthe presence of communication delays in a distributed manner. The proposed\nscheme allows prioritization of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the network\nand also enables auto-adjustment of contributions from LIS units with lower\npriority resources (non-RES). The methods are validated using\nhardware-in-the-loop simulations with Raspberry PI devices as distributed\ncontrol units, implementing the proposed distributed algorithm and responsible\nfor determining and dispatching realtime power reference commands to simulated\npower electronics interface emulating LIS units for demand response.\n