Histological and biochemical evaluation of the possible protective effect of thymoquinone loaded nanostructured lipid carriers versus thymoquinone on cisplatin induced testicular toxicity in adult rats.

Background: Cisplatin (Cis) is considered as a cornerstone in different protocols of chemotherapy. Nevertheless, its utilization is hampered by its toxicity especially on the testis. Thymoquinone (Thq) showed promising antioxidant capabilities against cisplatin induced pathologies. However, owing to its low bioavailability after oral intake, thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ThqNLC) have been developed. Aim of Study: To compare the potential protective effect of ThqNLC versus Thq in mitigating pathological effects of cisplatin on rat testis.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (n=12) in one month duration experiment: group I, control that was subdivided to three subgroups (Ia, Ib and Ic) that received orally: distilled water, Thq (5 mg/kg daily) and ThqNLC (5 mg/kg daily) respectively, group II received: Cis (3 mg/kg IP injection once daily from day11- day15), group III received: Cis+ Thq, group IV: Cis+ ThqNLC. Testicular affection was assessed via histological studies. Serological markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total serum testosterone were evaluated. Additionally, immunofluorescence reaction against PCNA was illustrated by confocal scanning laser microscope. Results: Cis was associated with disorganization of testicular architecture and depletion of germinal epithelium that was demonstrated by decreased epithelial height and sperms in epididymal lumen. Bizarre- shaped spermatozoa were noticed near tubular lumen. Significant diminution of anti PCNA immune reaction were assessed morphometrically. ThqNLC proved their safety in addition to their role in mitigating testicular toxicity which was superior to Thq alone. This protective potential was obvious through histological and biochemical results that referred to the antioxidant capacity of ThqNLC as highlighted by the marked differences in MDA and TAC levels between the studied groups. Conclusion: ThqNLC exert more protective effect against Cis-induced testicular toxicity than Thq alone. Therefore, ThqNLC can play an essential role in the field of oncofertility.