Overview of friction welding processes for different metallic materials

Abstract With the rapid development in the technological, industrial, and defense industries, the joining of metallic materials used becomes very important. Various problems may arise in metallic materials joined by traditional fusion welding methods. The friction welding technique, which is one of the solid-state welding types that contains minimum welding defects and creates minimum internal stresses after welding, can be used in order to reduce the negativities in different steel joining. Thus, the negativities in fusion welding methods are reduced. The friction welding is a plastic deformation and extrusion process that uses heat to convert mechanical energy generated by friction between the interfaces of these two material pairs as a result of one material rotating at a stationary speed and the other rotating at a rotary speed into thermal energy. The heating phase (friction phase) is the time until the end of the welding process. During this time, the surfaces are under pressure. The formation of temperature in steel is between 900 and 1300 °C, and this temperature is reached in a very short time. Thus, parts are joined together by the pressing force. Materials that are very difficult to join with fusion welding can be joined more easily by friction welding.