Oculoplastics

Abstract This chapter explores oculoplastics. It first details eyelid and nasolacrimal system anatomy and physiology. It then discusses lash abnormalities, covering trichiasis, distichiasis, madarosis, eyelash ptosis, hypertrichosis, and poliosis. Next, it considers entropion, covering congenital entropion, involutional entropion, and cicatricial entropion. Following this, ectropion is discussed, including congenital ectropion, paralytic ectropion, involutional ectropion, cicatricial ectropion, and mechanical ectropion. Ptosis is covered in two sections, and benign lid lesions, malignant lid lesions, epiphora, acquired nasolacrimal system abnormalities, and congenital nasolacrimal system abnormalities are also discussed. In addition, practical skills in oculoplastics are outlined, such as ptosis examination, syringing and probing, removing sutures, surgical repair of lid trauma, lateral tarsorrhaphy, and emergency lateral canthotomy/cantholysis.