A REVIEW ON MILGROM’S MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS IN 1983 AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE DARK MATTER

The spiral galaxies show a constant speed of rotation form their disk to the halo region, violating the Newtonian or the Keplerian motion. This feature is called the flat rotational curve, which seems to require some continuous dark matter distribution proportional to the distance. Some exotic elementary particles such as neutrinos are strong candidates for the dark matter. However, there is an alternative way to explain the flat rotational curve by modifying Newtonian law of gravitation, not introducing any form of dark matter.