GENESIS OF POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY AND GEOPOLITICS

For the first time, polit-geographical information on the antique sources occurred in Strabon’s “Geography” (63 B. C. – 23 A. D.) on China in chronicles “Shuzin” and “Shizin” (І B. C.). Geospatial motifs of geopolitics we meet in treatise Sun-Tzu “The Art of War” (IV B. C.), on India “The Arthashastra” (endeavour Kautilya, IV B. C.). The making of political geography and geopolitics as sciences take place during the XX century. A bottom contemporary scientific search in these sciences has the same object of investigation (territorial political systems) but the subjects and genesis of this investigation are quite different. During the XX century, a geopolitical epoch made new challenges that burned a new need for geospatial research. At the beginning of centuries, the answer looked at geographical determinism and dualistic paradigms; in the Wersalle epoch the US grew as the strongest state in the World, but in the European and Japanese geopolitics were strong nationalistic influences; in the Potsdam epoch – developed civilizations paradigm and “World Order” paradigm, theory of territorial political systems.