The Appendix

This chapter examines abstract properties of phonology, with an emphasis on the behavior and representational status of consonants that do not fit neatly into canonical syllable templates. Many phonologists have argued that such consonants do not attach to syllables in the normal way, but they do not take into account the behavior of other phenomena that also suggest the existence of extrasyllabicity. The chapter presents linguistic evidence and arguments in support of extrasyllabicity and illustrates how phonological segments can attach to prosodic nodes higher than the syllable. It also shows that the specific locus of attachment can vary both between and within languages. In particular, it discusses phonetics, sonority sequencing, aspiration, and prosodic phenomena such as stress assignment, metrical scansion, lengthening, and shortening, along with morphology and external linguistic phenomena involving child language acquisition, aphasia, and psycholinguistic experiments.