2006•Emerging infectious diseasesOpen access
West Nile Virus Epizootiology, Central Red River Valley, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2002–2005
Jeffrey A. Bell, Christina M. Brewer, Nathan J. Mickelson, Gabriel W. Garman, Jefferson A. Vaughan
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) epizootiology was monitored from 2002 through 2005 in the area surrounding Grand Forks, North Dakota. Mosquitoes were tested for infection, and birds were surveyed for antibodies. In 2003, WNV was epidemic; in 2004, cool temperatures precluded WNV amplification; and in 2005, immunity in passerines decreased, but did not preclude, WNV amplification.