Theoretical Ecology

Abstract Theoretical ecology is the study of the fundamental forces and processes determining the course of evolution and how ecological systems are assembled and maintained. Theoretical ecology therefore typically encompasses almost all levels of biological organisation (from genes to ecosystems). Behavioural ecology, life history evolution and demography, population ecology, and the ecology of communities and ecosystems are the typical domains. Theoretical ecology usually, but not always, uses mathematics for modelling and building of theories. Some models of ecological systems are deterministic, that is, assuming that there is no or little environmental variability; others are stochastic and take into account that the environment is (randomly) variable in space and time. Theoretical ecology progresses under the common scientific attitude that we indeed are able to reveal generalities and law‐like behaviours of nature despite the overwhelming diversity of life on Earth. Key Concepts: Theoretical ecology is simplifying complex problems and using mathematical models to reach general insights. Theoretical ecology has close and natural ties to evolutionary biology. Synthesis and bringing research disciplines together (e.g. behaviour ecology and population dynamics), hallmarks of good theory. Theoretical ecology is an important part of applied ecology, for example, in conservation biology and in fisheries management. Theory and data are naturally inseparable.