Achilles Tendinopathy

Achilles tendons are subjected to large stresses during repetitive motion—running and jumping—exposing them to rupture. The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture is steadily increasing. Ruptures affect a population of working age, with significant cost to society. Immobilization, often used for treatment after lower-leg injury, may further weaken the calf muscles-Achilles tendon-calcaneus unit. On the other hand, continuous activity may also cause more damage and lead to Achilles tendinosis. Therefore, the optimal management of Achilles tendinopathy has yet to be established. Refinements in investigational tools are now available to assess Achilles tendons but need to be validated against hard outcomes such as histology and mechanical strength. Correlating the experimental and clinical indicators of Achilles tendinopathy would provide clinicians and patients with updated guidelines for the treatment of Achilles tendinosis/rupture as well as chronicity and the prevention of re-injury.