Petroleum Coke

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Chemical Properties 3. Production 3.1. Production Processes 3.1.1. Delayed Coking 3.1.2. Fluid Coking 3.1.3. Flexicoking 3.2. Calcination 3.2.1. Rotary Kiln Calciner 3.2.2. Rotary Hearth Calciner 4. Uses 4.1. Green Petroleum Coke 4.2. Calcined Petroleum Coke 5. Quality Aspects 5.1. Green Coke 5.2. Regular Calcinate 5.3. Needle Coke 6. Environmental and Safety Aspects 6.1. Green Coke 6.2. Calcined Petroleum Coke The petroleum coke production started about 80 years ago and will reach the 100 × 10 6 ‐t/a level in the next years. The yearly increase rates are up to 10%. Characteristics, localization, and production methods including the Delayed Coker process of petroleum coke are shown. The world market profile for petroleum coke is presented, and the amount and prices of the petroleum coke species, “green coke”, “regular calcinate”, and “needle coke” are given. Particular interesting is the production process of green coke, which is increasingly used in power generation, and the production of metallurgical coke for steel processes (blast furnace). The use of regular calcinate for the carbon anode in the aluminium production stagnates because of the impetuous development of the aluminium recycling. Likewise, the needle coke has only marginal increase for the production of graphite electrodes used in electric‐arc furnaces by steel processes. The reason is the rapidly reduced consumption of electrodes/t steel due to process modifications. The environmental and safety aspects are addressed and the available results are shown.