Medical ophthalmology

The chapter begins with an introduction to uveal anatomy. The following areas of clinical knowledge are then discussed: anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, specific non-infectious posterior uveitides, viral infectious uveitis, parasitic infectious uveitis, fungal infectious uveitis, bacterial infectious uveitis, HIV-related disease, the systemic associations of uveitis, scleritis and episcleritis, systemic treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders, biological agents and periocular treatments of ocular inflammatory disorders, intraocular treatments of ocular inflammatory disorders, rheumatological disease, vasculitis, cardiovascular disease and the eye, endocrine diseases in ophthalmology, and respiratory and skin diseases in ophthalmology. Practical skills are also addressed, namely orbital-floor injection, posterior sub-Tenon injection, and intravitreal injection. The chapter concludes with a case-based discussion on scleritis.