HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL PARENCHYMAL DISEASE, CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, AND CHRONIC DIALYSIS

INTRODUCTION Renal parenchymal disease is the most frequent form of secondary hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is higher among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressively increasing with the severity of renal failure. It is estimated that hypertension occurs in 23.3% of individuals without CKD and in 35.8% of stage 1, 48.1% of stage 2, 59.9% of stage 3, and 84.1% of stage 4-5 CKD patients [1]. Prevalence of hypertension in renal disease depends on the patient’s age, severity of renal failure, proteinuria, and underlying renal disease [2]. Table 44.1 shows the most frequent renal parenchymal diseases associated with hypertension and Table 44.2 the prevalence of hypertension in different renal parenchymal diseases.