Particle–Vortex Duality in Three Dimensions, Particle–String Duality in Four Dimensions, and p-Form Fields in Four Dimensions
Horaƫiu Năstase
Abstract
Horaƫiu Năstase
Abstract
We study dualities in various dimensions. We start with the example of Maxwell duality in 3+1 dimensions from the point of view of a transformation with a master action. We continue with the particle–vortex duality in 2+1 dimensions, also through a master action, and then the particle–string duality in 3+1 dimensions. Finally, we describe the general Poincaré duality in d dimensions, and we end with applications in 3+1 dimensions.
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We study dualities in various dimensions. We start with the example of Maxwell duality in 3+1 dimensions from the point of view of a transformation with a master action. We continue with the particle–vortex duality in 2+1 dimensions, also through a master action, and then the particle–string duality in 3+1 dimensions. Finally, we describe the general Poincaré duality in d dimensions, and we end with applications in 3+1 dimensions.
Key concepts: Duality (order theory), String (physics), T-duality, Physics, Action (physics), Vortex, Particle (ecology), String duality