Radiographic Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses: I. Waters' View

THE NEED FOR a more complete knowledge of the radiographic anatomy of the skull is frequently demonstrated by the radiologist and otolaryngologist alike. In otolaryngology, x-rays are of great importance in the diagnosis and evaluation of infectious and neoplastic processes, traumatic injuries, and developmental anomalies. The obvious and marked changes can be easily recognized in most cases, but without sufficient anatomical orientation, many subtle changes go unnoticed, and many normal variants are thought to be pathological changes. The study of the radiographic anatomy of the skull is quite different from the study of its gross anatomy. This is partly due to the fact that in the gross anatomical examination, one single part and one single plane at a time can be examined. In the radiographic examination, however, each of the 22 bones of the skull casts multiple shadows and a large number of these are superimposed. Not only is there