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2022•The Astrophysical JournalOpen access

Quasi-periodic Oscillations of the X-Ray Burst from the Magnetar SGR J1935–2154 and Associated with the Fast Radio Burst FRB 200428

Xiao‐Bo Li, Mingyu Ge, Lin Lın, Shuang‐Nan Zhang, L. M. Song, Xuelei Cao, Bing Zhang, F. J. Lu, Y. P. Xu, S. L. Xiong, Y. L. Tuo, Ying Tan, Weichun Jiang, Jin‐Lu Qu, Shuang‐Nan Zhang, Ling‐Jun Wang, J. S. Wang, Bin‐Bin Zhang, Peng Zhang, Cheng-Kui Li, Congzhan Liu, Ti-Pei Li, Qingcui Bu, Ce Cai, Yong Chen, Yupeng Chen, Zhi Chang, Li Chen, Tianxiang Chen, Yibao Chen, Wei Cui, Yuanyuan Du, Guanhua Gao, He Gao, Yudong Gu, Ju Guan, Chengcheng Guo, Dawei Han, Y. Huang, Jia Huo, S. M. Jia, Jing Jin, Ling-Da Kong, Bing Li, Gang Li, Wei Li, Xian Li, Xufang Li, Zhengwei Li, X. H. Liang, J. Y. Liao, Hexin Liu, Hongwei Liu, Xiaojing Liu, X. F. Lu, Q. Luo, T. Luo, Binyuan Ma, Ruican Ma, Xiang Ma, Bin Meng, Y. Nang, Jian-Yin Nie, G. Ou, Xiao‐Qin Ren, Na Sai, X. Y. Song, Liang Sun, Lian Tao, Chen Wang, Pengju Wang, Wenshuai Wang, Yusa Wang, Xiang-Yang Wen, Bobing Wu, Bai-Yang Wu, Mei‐Hwan Wu, Shuo Xiao, S. Yang, Yanji Yang, Qi-Bin Yi, Qian-Qing Yin, Yuan You, Wei Yu, Fan Zhang, Hongmei Zhang, Juan Zhang, Wanchang Zhang, Wei Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Yuanhang Zhang, Haisheng Zhao, Xiaofan Zhao, S. J. Zheng, D. K. Zhou

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Abstract

Abstract The origin(s) and mechanism(s) of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are short radio pulses from cosmological distances, have remained a major puzzle since their discovery. We report a strong quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of ∼40 Hz in the X-ray burst from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 and associated with FRB 200428, significantly detected with the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) and also hinted at by the Konus–Wind data. QPOs from magnetar bursts have only been rarely detected; our 3.4σ (p-value is 2.9e–4) detection of the QPO reported here reveals the strongest QPO signal observed from magnetars (except in some very rare giant flares), making this X-ray burst unique among magnetar bursts. The two X-ray spikes coinciding with the two FRB pulses are also among the peaks of the QPO. Our results suggest that at least some FRBs are related to strong oscillation processes of neutron stars. We also show that we may overestimate the significance of the QPO signal and underestimate the errors of QPO parameters if QPO exists only in a fraction of the time series of an X-ray burst that we use to calculate the Leahy-normalized periodogram.

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Abstract The origin(s) and mechanism(s) of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are short radio pulses from cosmological distances, have remained a major puzzle since their discovery. We report a strong quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of ∼40 Hz in the X-ray burst from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 and associated with FRB 200428, significantly detected with the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) and also hinted at by the Konus–Wind data. QPOs from magnetar bursts have only been rarely detected; our 3.4σ (p-value is 2.9e–4) detection of the QPO reported here reveals the strongest QPO signal observed from magnetars (except in some very rare giant flares), making this X-ray burst unique among magnetar bursts. The two X-ray spikes coinciding with the two FRB pulses are also among the peaks of the QPO. Our results suggest that at least some FRBs are related to strong oscillation processes of neutron stars. We also show that we may overestimate the significance of the QPO signal and underestimate the errors of QPO parameters if QPO exists only in a fraction of the time series of an X-ray burst that we use to calculate the Leahy-normalized periodogram.

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Available abstract

Abstract The origin(s) and mechanism(s) of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which are short radio pulses from cosmological distances, have remained a major puzzle since their discovery. We report a strong quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of ∼40 Hz in the X-ray burst from the magnetar SGR J1935+2154 and associated with FRB 200428, significantly detected with the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) and also hinted at by the Konus–Wind data. QPOs from magnetar bursts have only been rarely detected; our 3.4σ (p-value is 2.9e–4) detection of the QPO reported here reveals the strongest QPO signal observed from magnetars (except in some very rare giant flares), making this X-ray burst unique among magnetar bursts. The two X-ray spikes coinciding with the two FRB pulses are also among the peaks of the QPO. Our results suggest that at least some FRBs are related to strong oscillation processes of neutron stars. We also show that we may overestimate the significance of the QPO signal and underestimate the errors of QPO parameters if QPO exists only in a fraction of the time series of an X-ray burst that we use to calculate the Leahy-normalized periodogram.

Key concepts: Magnetar, Astrophysics, Physics, Neutron star, Oscillation (cell signaling), Radio telescope, Astronomy, Biology

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