Random Sampling

This chapter discusses the sampling process, probability samples, and several different types of random sampling plans. The goal of a well-designed sampling plan is to ensure data that are representative of the target population will be observed and the observed data will provide reliable information about the target population. The appropriate sampling plan for a particular research problem will depend on the researcher's understanding of the target population, past research on the problem being studied, and any cost and logistical considerations involved in sampling the target population. Commonly used probability sampling plans include simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic random sampling. The chapter discusses methods for determining the appropriate sample size for a given value of the bound on the error of estimation only for simple random, stratified random, and systematic random samples.