2022Physical review. D/Physical review. D.Open access

Confined Penrose process and black-hole bomb

О. Б. Заславский

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Abstract

We consider the decay of a particle with some energy ${E}_{0}>0$ inside the ergosphere of a black hole. After the first decay, one of particles with the energy ${E}_{1}<0$ falls towards a black hole while the second one with ${E}_{2}>{E}_{0}$ moves in the outward direction. It bounces back from a reflecting shell and, afterwards, the process repeats. For radial motion of charged particles in the Reissner-Nordst\"om metric, the result depends strongly on a concrete scenario. In particular, an indefinitely large growth of energy inside a shell is possible that gives rise to a black-hole bomb. We also consider a similar multiple process with neutral particles in the background of a rotating axially symmetric stationary black hole. We demonstrate that, if particle decay occurs in the turning point, a black-hole bomb in this case is impossible at all. For a generic point inside the ergoregion, there is a condition for a black-hole bomb to exist. It relates the to ratio of masses before and after decay and the velocity of a fragment in the center of mass frame.

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We consider the decay of a particle with some energy ${E}_{0}>0$ inside the ergosphere of a black hole. After the first decay, one of particles with the energy ${E}_{1}<0$ falls towards a black hole while the second one with ${E}_{2}>{E}_{0}$ moves in the outward direction. It bounces back from a reflecting shell and, afterwards, the process repeats. For radial motion of charged particles in the Reissner-Nordst\"om metric, the result depends strongly on a concrete scenario. In particular, an indefinitely large growth of energy inside a shell is possible that gives rise to a black-hole bomb. We also consider a similar multiple process with neutral particles in the background of a rotating axially symmetric stationary black hole. We demonstrate that, if particle decay occurs in the turning point, a black-hole bomb in this case is impossible at all. For a generic point inside the ergoregion, there is a condition for a black-hole bomb to exist. It relates the to ratio of masses before and after decay and the velocity of a fragment in the center of mass frame.

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Available abstract

We consider the decay of a particle with some energy ${E}_{0}>0$ inside the ergosphere of a black hole. After the first decay, one of particles with the energy ${E}_{1}<0$ falls towards a black hole while the second one with ${E}_{2}>{E}_{0}$ moves in the outward direction. It bounces back from a reflecting shell and, afterwards, the process repeats. For radial motion of charged particles in the Reissner-Nordst\"om metric, the result depends strongly on a concrete scenario. In particular, an indefinitely large growth of energy inside a shell is possible that gives rise to a black-hole bomb. We also consider a similar multiple process with neutral particles in the background of a rotating axially symmetric stationary black hole. We demonstrate that, if particle decay occurs in the turning point, a black-hole bomb in this case is impossible at all. For a generic point inside the ergoregion, there is a condition for a black-hole bomb to exist. It relates the to ratio of masses before and after decay and the velocity of a fragment in the center of mass frame.

Key concepts: Penrose process, Physics, Black hole (networking), Charged black hole, Rotating black hole, Extremal black hole, Negative energy, Spin-flip

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