A Ring Learning with Errors-Based Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Proxy Re-Encryption Scheme for Secure Big Data Sharing in Cloud Environment

Owing to the huge volume of big data, users generally use the cloud to store big data. However, because the data are out of the control of users, sensitive data need to be protected. The ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption scheme can not only effectively control the access of big data, but also decrypt the ciphertext as long as the user's attributes satisfy the access structure of ciphertext, so as to realize one to many big data sharing. When the user's attributes do not satisfy the access structure of ciphertext, the attribute-based proxy re-encryption scheme can be used for big data sharing. The ciphertext-policy attribute-based proxy re-encryption (CP-ABPRE) scheme combines the characteristics of the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption scheme and proxy re-encryption scheme. In a CP-ABPRE scheme, on the one hand, the data owner can use the ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption scheme to encrypt the big data for cloud storage, to realize the access control of the big data. On the other hand, the proxy (cloud service provider) can convert ciphertext under one access structure into ciphertext under another access structure, thus realizing big data sharing between users of different attribute sets. In this article, we modify the existing attribute-based encryption scheme based on Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE), add re-encryption key generation algorithm, re-encryption ciphertext generation algorithm, and re-encryption ciphertext decryption algorithm, and construct CP-ABPRE scheme. In the construction of the re-encryption key, we introduce a random vector and hide the vector in the key by threshold technology. Finally, a CP-ABPRE scheme supporting threshold access structure is constructed based on RLWE. Compared with the existing attribute-based proxy re-encryption schemes, our scheme has smaller public parameters, can encrypt multiple plaintext bits at a time, and can resist selective access structure and chosen plaintext attack, so it is more suitable for big data sharing in cloud environment.