Modelling and optimization techniques of off-grid applications in developing countries

Worldwide, nearly more than half a billion people will still not have a reliable and affordable electricity till 2040 and nearly 1.8 billion may compel to rely on traditional fuel sources for day to day activities. Specially the case is even more critical in remote areas of developing countries. Energy planning models (EPMs), approaches and optimization techniques play an important role in energy sectoral policy formulation. Long term energy planning through energy modelling and optimization techniques of energy technologies have a better impact to mitigate the issue of energy access. Varieties of energy planning approaches, energy modelling and planning tools and techniques are available at global context. Energy demand forecasting and the subsequent planning is one of the most important aspect when dealing with long-term energy planning. The study has focused on energy trend of Nepal, energy planning methodologies, analysis of prevailing energy modelling and optimization techniques in context of developing and under developed countries.