2022•Medical Journal of Cell BiologyOpen access

Changes of the zona pellucida patterns during oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development in mammals: mini-review

Ivona Travnickova, P. Hulínská, Z. Sládek, Mariusz T. Skowroński, Marie Machatková

Abstract

Abstract The mammalian zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix that surrounds immature and mature oocytes and early embryos until the stage of a blastocyst and its implantation. This mini-review summarizes basic information on the ZP and its morphologic and functional changes during in vitro oocyte maturation and fertilization and in vivo pre-implantation embryo development.

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Key concepts: Zona pellucida, Oocyte, Human fertilization, Embryo, Blastocyst, Andrology, Embryogenesis, Biology