Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an emergent focus of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yucatan, Southeast Mexico

Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is endemic in the Yucatan Peninsula, with historical and contemporary records mainly in the states of Campeche and Quintana Roo. Recently, we reported autochthonous LCL cases and 27.6% of asymptomatic infection in the municipality of Tinum, Yucatan, where no studies of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies have been carried out. In this work, from November, 2019 to February, 2020, we conducted a field study in three areas of Tinum to document, for the first time, the species of Phlebotominae in areas with records of human leishmaniasis transmission. In order of abundance, the species identified were Pifanomyia serrana, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psathyromyia cratifer, Lutzomyia cruciata, Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca, and Dampfomyia deleoni. Most of the sand flies were captured in a Shannon trap where 77.8% of collected specimens were females. The distribution of sand fly species showed some degree of heterogeneity among sites, and the highest species richness was registered in a site located in Xcalakoop. We also discuss the medical importance of Lu. cruciata, Ps. shannoni, and Pi. serrana as potential vectors of causal agents of LCL in this area.