Influence of elements of cultivation technology on yield and grain quality of winter triticale in the conditions of the Urals

Abstract The article presents the results of experimental studies to identify the optimal sowing dates and seeding rates for seeds of winter triticale varieties. Grain yield indicators at different sowing dates and seeding rates for 2019-2020 indicate that 2020 was more favorable for the formation of high productivity of winter triticale. Analysis of two-year data on the productivity of winter triticale varieties showed that with a late sowing period (September 15), a decrease in productivity is observed. The use of an increased seeding rate leads to an increase in the density of the productive stalk, with a simultaneous decrease in the mass of grain in the ear and the grain content in the ear. Favorable conditions were created for plants of the first (August 25) and second (September 5) sowing dates, with a seeding rate of 3.0 million and 4.0 million germinating grains per hectare. It was revealed that, regardless of the seeding rate, an increase in the level of protein in the grain of triticale varieties occurs at a late sowing period (September 15). The maximum protein content was noted in the Kastus variety (15.1%) at the third sowing period, at a seeding rate of 3.0 million germinating grains per hectare. To obtain high and stable yields of winter triticale grain in local conditions, the optimal sowing period should be considered the period from august 25 to September 5, at a seeding rate of 3.0 and 4.0 million germinable grains per hectare. With a favorable regime of moisture supply, it is allowed to sow winter triticale until September 15. The use of an increased rate (5.0 million) is not a factor contributing to an increase in yields in winter triticale varieties under WKO conditions. The most productive varieties adapted to the conditions of the dry steppe zone are the varieties Kastus, Fidelio, Valentin 90, which can be recommended for introduction into production.