Fibers, Cellulose Esters

Abstract The principal cellulose ester fiber is cellulose acetate, a partially acetylated cellulose, also called acetate or secondary acetate. Although widely used in textiles, its primary use is now for the preparation of cigarette filters, which consumed 65% of the 731,000 metric tons produced worldwide in 1991. Cellulose triacetate is an almost totally acetylated cellulose, but environmental considerations encountered in the preparation of fibers have almost totally eliminated its production. This article initially describes the physical and chemical properties of cellulose acetate and triacetate polymers and fibers. A review of the manufacturing process operations and considerations follows, providing an overview of the key process steps. Since both textile and cigarette filter applications are commercially important, both are described to illustrate the products available and how they are used. Finally, a brief overview of some smaller volume applications provides some insight into other possible uses.