Solar Neutrino Experiments

The Sun emits a huge flux of electron neutrinos, named solar neutrinos. Neutrino observations started with the solar neutrino problem. This chapter reviews several solar neutrino experiments, namely, the 37Cl experiment, Kamiokande experiment, the 71Ga experiments, and Super-Kamiokande experiment. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) has been built to detect solar neutrinos by means of absolute charged current and absolute neutral current interactions at the same time. SNO has the capacity to make a model-independent measurement of the solar neutrino flux and to observe any flavor change affecting the neutrino propagation. The Counting Test Facility was built to address the technology, which will be used later in a size detector for solar neutrinos, namely, Borexino. Borexino has been the first successful experimental attempt to observe in real time solar neutrinos below 5 MeV.