Miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas using Koch fractal geometry on the ground plane

In this article it is shown the miniaturization capacity of the application of a modified Koch fractal to the ground plane of microstrip patch antenna. It is widely known in literature the fractal geometry to miniaturize the antenna when applied as the patch due to the infinite electrical length in finite area. In this work, we achieved 20.99% resonant frequency reduction with a bandwidth narrowing effect in simulation, while in the measured the reduction was maintained approximately at 20.35% and increasing the bandwidth, corroborating with the simulation. Due to the placement on the ground plane, this method can be applied to other miniaturization techniques applied to the patch, thus potentializing what is intended.