A letter difference, not different; two complementary approaches for learning

Technology-supported personalized adaptive learning environments have become a popular research topic focusing on developing more efficient learning environments. Personalizing learning according to the needs and skills of individuals is expected to increase motivation for learning and eventually make them lifelong learners. This conceptual paper analyzed personalized learning, personalized adaptive learning, and personal learning environments to identify their essential elements, differences, similarities, and relations. Furthermore, to provide learners with an optimal personalized learning environment, we believe that the pedagogical approaches of personalized learning or personalized adaptive learning will update and evolve along with technologies and their advancement in personalized learning environments.