Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of anisomeles indica leaves

Infectious diseases and cancer still become a significant health problem that causes high morbidity and mortality rate throughout the world. The resistance and adverse side effects of modern antimicrobial and anticancer drugs were still reported to date. Thus, it is highly required to develop alternative therapeutic regimens from natural products of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants have been an important source of healthcare as they contain active substances known as phytochemicals that are useful to treat many diseases. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to investigate the antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Anisomelesindica’s leaves against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and fungi(Candida albicansand Aspergillusspp), as well as cytotoxic activities on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF 7) and human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1299) cell lines. The antimicrobial activities were evaluatedusing agar disc-diffusion and determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) / Minimum Fungal Concentration (MFC) values. The cytotoxic activity was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The agar disc diffusion test showed that the crude extract inhibited S. aureus (11.3-21.0 mm) and B. cereus (9.7-18.7 mm), while P. aeruginosa, E. coli, C. albicansand Aspergillus spp. were not inhibited for the concentration ranged 50-200 mg/mL tested. The MIC and MBC values for S. aureus are 12.5 and 25 mg/mL, while for B. cereus are 25 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. Cytotoxicity screening results revealed that the plant extract shows no cytotoxic effect against MCF 7 and H1299 cell lines at concentration ranged 6.125-200 μg/mL for 24 hours treatment. In conclusion, screening of methanol extract of A. indica’s leaves shows potential antibacterial activities against S. aureus and B. cereus and no cytotoxic activities against MCF 7 and H1299 cell lines.