Cogeneration technology alternatives study (CTAS). Volume V. Cogeneration system results. Final report

The most-attractive advanced conversion systems for implementation in industrial cogeneration systems for the 1985-2000 time period, which permit increased use of coal or coal-derived fuels, are identified and evaluated. The advantages of using advanced-technology systems in industrial cogeneration are quantified and assessed. Nine systems evaluated include: steam turbine, diesel engines, open-cycle gas turbines, combined gas turbine/steam turbine cycles, Stirling engines, closed-cycle gas turbines, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, and thermionics. The systems selected showed desirable cogeneration characteristics and the capability of being developed for commercialization in the 1985 to 200 year time frame. These energy-conversion systems were then heat matched and power matched to over 50 specific industrial processes selected primarily from the six major energy-consuming industrial sectors of food; paper and pulp; chemicals; petroleum refineries; stone, clay and glass; and primary metals. Several processes were also included from wood products and textiles. On each of these matches, analyses were performed to evaluate and compare the advanced technology systems on such factors as: fuel energy saved, flexibility in fuel use, capital costs, return on investment and annual energy cost saved, emissions, and applicability to a number of industries. Earlier volumes contain information on the analytical approach, industrial-processmore » characteristics, and energy-conversion-system characteristics; this volume presents the methodology of matching the cogeneration systems, the results of the performance analysis, an economic analysis, the national savings, and results.« less