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ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION ERRORS FOR OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Fred S Hanson
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Abstract
'Differences are brought out between guided-missile refraction geometry and astronomical refraction geometry. A simple relationship between angular refraction of light, refraction error for ground observer, and refraction error for aerial observer is demonstrated. While angular refraction of light depends only on the extent of appreciable density of the atmosphere, the two types of refraction error continue to vary beyond this point, due to geometry. Basic equations for atmospheric refractive index, angular refraction, and refraction errors for ground and aerial observers are derived from physical principles, without resort to empirical equations of graphical integration. Previously available equations for angular refraction and refraction errors were applicable only to altitudes of less than 10 miles or only to infinite altitudes. Present equations hold for any altitude. Methods of this report are capable of application to any atmospheric temperature profile.'