Effective private participation in toll roads

Worldwide experience indicates that effective private participation in toll roads does not come about easily. Many schemes have taken too long to come to financial closure and even more have not come to closure at all. This paper examines how the Government of Indonesia's objective of increasing private sector participation in toll roads can best be achieved, taking into account the special characteristics of toll road investments, experiences in other countries and in Indonesia, the potential volume of investment, and the institutional structure of the Indonesian highway sector.