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Direct Numerical Simulation of the Fully Developed Open-Channel Flow at Subcritical Froude Numbers

Akira Nakayama, Satoshi Yokojima

Abstract

Direct numerical simulation(DNS) of a fully-developed open- channel flow has been carried out for subcritical Froude numbers at a fixed friction-velocity Reynolds number of 180. The free surface is approximated by small-amplitude wave theory. The results are presented emphasizing the effects of the Froude number on turbulence quantities related to the free surface fluctuations. The amplitude of the free-surface fluctuation increases as the square of the Froude number. While statistical quantities involving the vertical velocity component are most influenced by the Froude number but only in the region close to the free surface, quantities related to the pressure fluctuations are influenced over much wider region.

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Key concepts: Froude number, Open-channel flow, Free surface, Reynolds number, Mechanics, Amplitude, Turbulence, Flow (mathematics)