Sustainability & Comparative Impact Analysis of Coral reef bleaching in Indian context

An estimated value of 500 million of population are directly benefited through coral reefs related jobs, food and defence of coastal areas. Coral reefs help to reduce wave energy by 97%. They help to protect the coastal areas from storms, floods and wave energy by 97%. Natural disasters such as Tsunami and erosion of coastal areas are protected by reefs. In this process they help to protect the lives of many staying in the coastal areas including animals, properties and other natural resources. There are reasons for reef deterioration like change of climate, high pollution, destructive fishing, bleaching of coral reefs is a big concern now worldwide. Severe coral bleaching is also reported in India. Significant rise in the surface temperature of Sea has become a critical reason for coral bleaching. One of the most important ecosystems underwater is the coral reef. It is diverse in nature. Approximately 5000 water species are supported by reefs per unit area. It includes more than 4000 species of fish, 800 species of hard corals and many other different varieties of marine species. Coral reef is full of life and activities of the species inside it. Coral is a marine invertebrate. Significance of coral reefs as an underwater structure is illustrated in this section. Coral reefs provide coastal protection. Tourism and fishing industries are directly benefited by coral reefs. An estimated value of 500 million of population are directly benefited through coral reefs related jobs, food and defence of coastal areas. Coral reefs help to reduce wave energy by 97%. They help to protect the coastal areas from storms, floods and wave energy by 97%. In this process they help to protect the lives of many staying in the coastal areas including animals, properties and other natural resources. In marine environments the only Flowering plants called sea grass beds are also protected by coral reefs. Man grove forest enriches marine environment. These mangrove forests are also protected by coral reefs. Many plants and animals living in coral reefs are being used to treat various diseases. Life under water is gifted with coral reefs as they maintain a significant ecosystem. Coral polyps reside in the lime exoskeleton structure inherited from ancestors and built by ancestors. A coral polyp is a hard tiny organism that secrets lime or calcium carbonate which takes the form of a skeleton of lime. The diameter of each tiny coral polyp is 0.04 inches to 0.12 inches. But the architecture created by the entire colony can grow massively. Massive architecture of calcium carbonate skeletons formed by colonies of ancestors of coral polyps are used by the successive generations to make it grow further. The growth of the massive coral structure is very slow, 0.2 inches to 0.8 inches per year. Favourable climate conditions like optimum light, soothing temperature and most optimum wave action can enhance the growth of coral species to 1.8 inches per year. What would happen if coral reefs bleaching happens continuously leading to disappearance of coral polyps from the earth? This would lead to huge destruction. Many species will disappear due to lack of food. It might lead to many other bigger imbalance of the ecosystem leading to extinction of various species, marine life. This could lead to many other diseases, epidemic and pandemics. In this work we are going study the impact of bleaching in Indian ocean using two different parameters. The period of the study is from 1985 to 2021. This work demonstrates a comparative analysis and impact on the other environmental aspects.