HABERMAS CRÍTICO DE KANT: A UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO COMO PONTO FRÁGIL NA ÉTICA KANTIANA

Assuming that Jurgen Habermas is an heir and a critic of Immanuel Kant, it is emphasized here discourse ethics as an alternative to Kantian ethics. The Kantian moral (Gesinnungsethik) is determined by universal principles and a profound sense of respect for human dignity, seeking the foundation of moral obligation in the autonomous will. The philosopher identifies the principle of autonomy as the sole principle of morality and argues that the principle of morality must be a categorical imperative. To establish what we must do, we submit our maximum to a test of universalization. In the case of accounting for the universal test, it is necessary to consider the epistemic aspect of the fair priority over good. Habermas presents his criticism of Kantian ethics as Duplik to criticism that Hegel addresses Kant. But, we must check whether the concept of universality, which is to support and universal moral standard, and that appears as weakness of Kantian ethics, was actually solved by Habermas in his discourse ethics?