Expression of Transforming Growth Factor -β1 and Osteocalcin in Rat Calvaria Defect after Application of Bovine Cortical Bone Membrane.

Abstract– Bovine pericardium collagen membran (BPCM) had been widely used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) whose manufacturing process usually required chemical cross-linking to prolong its biodegradation. A newly developed bovine cortical bone membrane (BCBM)is rich with growth factors which theoretically has osteoinductive capacity. It has been proven biocompatible, however its osteoinduction potential still needs to be revealed. This study evaluated the osteoinductive potential of BCBM compared with BPCM applied in critical-sized defects of rat’s calvaria. Critical sized defect was made on calvaria bone of 30 rats. The samples were divided into 3 groups, each contains of 10 rats. The defects were then covered by BCBM dan BPCM in the first two groups. The third group was control group, without membran application. Samples were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks. Expressions of TGF-1 and osteocalcin were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and the data analyzed statistically with the p value < 0.05 being significantly different. TGF-1 expression was insignificantly different between BCBM and BPCM groups. Meanwhile, the osteocalcin expression was significantly higher inBCBM compared to BPCM group (p < 0.05) through 2 and 4 weeks of observation. Bovine cortical bone membrane has similar osteoinductive potential to BPCM based on the expression of TGF-1, but has better bone healing result based on osteocalcin expression. Therefore it is potential to be used as GBR membrane.