Exploring the Return of Human Subjectivity under Technological Alienation—Based on Marx’s Idea of Subjectivity

人是具有历史性的主体，主体的主体性也呈现出历史性的特征。当前，基于科学技术衍生出来的科技产品正在深刻改变着作为社会主体的人的思想和行为，随着人的历史性活动的不断深入，人的主体性也日益体现出科技现代化发展的特征。科技异化下作为实践主体的人的工具理性追求被不断强化，价值理性被逐渐削弱，主体的主体性日渐消解甚至丧失，人成了抽象的、工具的、非个性化的人。马克思的主体性思想是马克思主义哲学思想的精华所在，以实现人的自由解放为终极目标追求，体现的是人的自我意识觉醒，它蕴含的思想价值能够帮助主体回归实践主体、价值主体的主体本位，促使“科技异化”向“科技人化”发展。 Human being is a subject with history, and human subjectivity also presents the characteristics of history. At present, science and technology products derived from science and technology are profoundly changing the thoughts and behaviors of human as a social subject, and human subjectivity is increasingly reflecting the characteristics of science and technology modernization development as the historical activities of human progress. Under the alienation of science and technology, the pursuit of instrumental rationality of human as a practical subject is continuously strengthened, and the value rationality is gradually weakened, and the subjectivity of the subject is gradually dissolved or even lost, and human becomes an abstract, instrumental and non-individualized person. Marx’s idea of subjectivity is the essence of Marxist philosophical thought, with the realization of human freedom and liberation as the ultimate goal, reflecting the awakening of human self-awareness, to promote the transformation of science and technology from being contrary to human development to serve human development.