From seed to seedling.

This chapter discusses the different aspects of fruit and seed production (seed set and fruit and seed polymorphisms), seed dispersal (primary and secondary seed dispersal, humans as seed dispersal agents and long distance dispersal), seed banks and seed dormancy, seed germination and seedling emergence and establishment. Adaptation mechanisms that increase the likelihood of survival, such as production of many seeds, increased resource allocation to seeds so that more germinate and being dormant in the seed bank until the arrival of ideal growing conditions, are also highlighted.