2021•Acta NeurochirurgicaRequires access

Intraoperative findings of abnormal muscle response for hemifacial spasm following botulinum neurotoxin treatment

Yoko Nakayama, Tadashi Kawaguchi, Masafumi Fukuda, Makoto Oishi

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Key concepts: Hemifacial spasm, Medicine, Microvascular decompression, Orbicularis oculi muscle, Botulinum toxin, Facial nerve, Anesthesia, Facial muscles

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Intraoperative findings of abnormal muscle response for hemifacial spasm following botulinum neurotoxin treatment — Research Paper | ScholarLens