Analysis of Factors Influencing Plant–Microbe Combined Remediation of Soil Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently detected in soil. Their biological toxicity and carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects pose a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. Firstly, the sources, physicochemical properties, and environmental hazards of PAHs are reviewed in this paper, and then their pollution status and different methods for their detection in soil are described in detail. The remediation technologies to treat pollution in the field and farmland are compared, and the technical status and factors influencing phytomicrobial remediation of PAHs in contaminated soil are evaluated in the most comprehensive way. The mechanisms of phytomicrobial remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil under different conditions are innovatively discussed. Additionally, the regulation mechanism of enzymes involved in plant and microbial degradation of PAHs in soils is studied. This is the first study on the regulation mechanism of degradation enzyme in a PAHs review. The aim of this paper is to review the pollution status, remediation technologies, mechanisms, and biodegradation actions of PAHs in soil. This review creatively provides reliable technical support for strengthening soil remediation and environmental management.