Skin Effect Modeling

Skin-effect is an important area of early research for large transmission lines (TLs), transformers, and power stations. The solution of most electromagnetic (EM) problems includes the modeling of the broadband skin-effect loss for the conducting planes and 3D conductors. The solution of these large EM problems includes the modeling of the broadband skin-effect loss for conducting planes and 3D conductors. The current flow direction is a fundamental aspect of any skin-effect model. This chapter considers the class of 1D current flow general surface impedance (GSI) models. In these models, the mutual inductive coupling between the inside of a conductor and the outside of the surface are approximated. It also considers 3D volume filament (VFI) skin-effect model. This model has been part of the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method. The chapter further provides an EM and a circuit model for the diffusion of current inside the thin conductor.